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A bi-monthly magazine covering the environmental protection and drinking water industry since 1988
November 2004 Edition

Bacteria, not bullets, are the biggest killers
The name Florence Nightingale is inextricably linked to advances in medicine, perhaps eclipsing the fame of Harvey, who discovered the circulation of blood, or even Hippocrates, the legendary father of medicine in Ancient Greece. In an age when women were kept out of virtually all of the professions (except the oldest one) she courageously used her upper class connections to become a nurse. Her vision scandalized her family who thought male nakedness was simply not proper for a lady to witness.
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Also in this issue:
Consulting engineering – invisible value from solid infrastructure assets
Few of the general public realize the contribution of consulting engineers. Surprising really considering that the majority of Canadian environmental infrastructure projects were designed by consulting engineers working in liaison with city engineers. Most bridges, highways, water and wastewater projects were designed by consulting engineers. They are worth billions of dollars today, with the original design fees long amortized into insignificance. The value of engineering design is profound.
Over the years, ES&E’s Consultants’ Forum has received wide acceptance among all sectors of our readership. Municipal engineers, analytical chemists, government agencies and technical people in the industrial sector, all rely on experience and skills of consulting engineers. Each year, ES&E invites consultants to submit their opinions on any topic and some key engineers have contributed.

November 2004 Cover Photo

Kamloops turns to low-pressure membranes for water safety
The waters of the North and South Thompson Rivers that meet in Kamloops, British Columbia, have long influenced settlement in this growing city. Surrounded by sprawling arid grasslands and rolling mountains, the confluence of the rivers has drawn people to its banks ever since the native, seminomadic Secwepemc people gathered there to trade goods and enjoy the pristine waters. The native fur trade attracted the first European settlers to this area and the gold rush of the 1850s brought the railway, which facilitated the rapid expansion of the city.
For generations, the river has always provided aboriginals and the early settlers with an abundance of pure, safe drinking water. As the trading post became a settlement, and the settlement grew to be a city, the river began to show signs of decline, and many residents became concerned about the river’s water quality.
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